Second Heart Sound: Fixed Splitting, Increased Aortic Intensity

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This example shows a second heart sound (S2) with fixed splitting and an aortic component with increased intensity.

This pattern is seen in the presence of long-standing severe hypertension where the pressure in the aorta is markedly increased.

Once again, we are using fixed splitting of S2 to make it easier to concentrate on the relative intensities of the aortic and pulmonic component of S2.

This condition is caused by essential hypertension. Note the increased thickness of the left ventricular wall.
Second Heart Sound: Fixed Splitting, Increased Aortic Intensity
The recommended auscultation position for the stethoscope is the Aortic position. For this sound, use stethoscope's Diaphragm.


maneuver
The recommended patient position is Sitting

Phonocardiogram

waveform
This waveform plots sound amplitude on the vertical axis against time on the horizontal axis.

Heart Animation

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Listening Tips
A synopsis of important sound features and timing for this abnormality.
S2: Fixed splitting, increased intensity of aortic component.
CaseID47
CourseID24
CourseCaseOrder4
ID35

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