Heart
Heart Sounds Introduction
Pediatrics: When To Refer
Heart Murmur
Normal Heart Sounds
First Heart Sounds
Second Heart Sounds
Extra Heart Sounds (S3 & S4)
Systolic Murmurs
Diastolic Murmurs
Complex Conditions
Congenital Abnormalities
Cardiac Conditions Assoc. with Sudden Death
Heart Sounds in Primary Care
Auscultation Repetition Training
Heart Sounds Guide
Lungs
Lung Sounds Introduction
Basic Lung Sounds
Intermediate Lung Sounds
Lung Sounds Guide
Intro To Lung Sounds
Blood Pressure
Taking Blood Pressure
Measuring Blood Pressure Procedure
Adult Case Studies Part I
Adult Case Studies Part II
High Blood Pressure in Children
Extras
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Heart Sounds Guide
Lung Sounds Guide
Sonography Training (free)
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Second Heart Sounds
Second Heart Sound with Fixed Splitting
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This example shows fixed splitting of the second heart sound. The second heart sound remains unchanged through inspiration and expiration at sixty milliseconds.
Fixed splitting of the second heart sound (along with murmurs) indicates the presence of an Atrial Septal Defect, a congenital heart defect in which the intra-atrial septum is incomplete resulting in a hole between the left and right atria.
The murmurs have been eliminated in this lesson so that you can concentrate on the fixed splitting of the second heart sound. In a later lesson you will hear the fixed splitting of S2 along with the murmurs of Atrial Septal Defect.
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The recommended auscultation position for the stethoscope is the
Pulmonic
position. For this sound, use stethoscope's
Diaphragm
.
The recommended patient position is
Supine
Phonocardiogram
This waveform plots sound amplitude on the vertical axis against time on the horizontal axis.
Heart Animation
Lessons
Second Heart Sound - Physiologically Split #2
Second Heart Sound with Persistent Splitting
Second Heart Sound with Fixed Splitting
Second Heart Sound: Fixed Splitting, Increased Aortic Intensity
Second Heart Sound: Fixed Splitting, Decreased Aortic Intensity
Second Heart Sound and Late Systolic Click
Second Heart Sound and a Tumor Plop
Opening Snap and Second Heart Sound
Practice Drill
Listening Tips
A synopsis of important sound features and timing for this abnormality.
S2:
Fixed splitting throughout respiratory cycle.
CaseID
46
CourseID
24
CourseCaseOrder
3
ID
34